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Ellipsoidal, Hemispherical, and Torispherical Heads are the three primary types of ASME Pressure Vessel Dished Heads.
Also known as 2:1 elliptical heads, these are widely used because of their cost-effective geometry. The height of the head is one-quarter of its diameter, making it more economical while still offering good pressure resistance. The radius of curvature varies between the major and minor axes.
A hemispherical head is the ideal form for pressure containment as internal pressure is distributed evenly across its surface. The radius of the head (R) is equal to the radius of the cylindrical shell, providing superior strength and pressure-holding capability.
Torispherical heads consist of a dish with a fixed crown radius (CR), which varies depending on the specific type of torispherical design. The transition area between the dish and the cylindrical shell is known as the knuckle, which has a toroidal shape that helps distribute stress smoothly.
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